Depression

Find An Organisation

Find A Service

Find A Product

Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person’s thoughts, behaviour, feelings and sense of well-being.
Depression is a feature of some psychiatric syndromes such as major depressive disorder, but it may also be a normal reaction to life events such as bereavement, a symptom of some bodily ailments or a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments.
Women have a higher rate of major depression than men.
While women have a greater proportion of somatic symptoms, such as appetite, sleep disturbances and fatigue accompanied by pain and anxiety, than men. Instances of suicide in men is much greater than in women.
This is what you need to know

Tell me about the Services & Organisations that can help me

What Are You Looking For?

1.Depression
– Signs and Symptoms
– Causes
– Assessment

2. Other Related Ailments:
– Bipolar Disorder
– Anxiety Disorders
– Learning Disabilities

About Depression

Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person’s thoughts, behaviour, feelings and sense of well-being.
A depressed mood may not always require any professional treatment, and may be a normal reaction to certain life events, a symptom of some medical conditions, or a side effect of some drugs or medical treatments. A prolonged depressed mood, especially in combination with other symptoms, may lead to a diagnosis of a psychiatric or medical condition which may benefit from treatment. Different sub-divisions of depression have different treatment approaches.

People with a depressed mood can feel:
– sad, anxious & empty
– hopeless, helpless & worthless
– guilty, irritable, ashamed or restless.
– lose interest in activities that were once pleasurable
– experience loss of appetite or overeating
– have problems concentrating, remembering details or making decisions
– contemplate, or attempt to commit suicide.
– Insomnia or excessive sleeping
– fatigue, aches, pains, or reduced energy may also be present.
– digestive problems

Causes

Causes of Depression include Adversity in childhood, which contribute to depression in adulthood such as:
– bereavement
– neglect
– mental abuse
– unequal parental treatment of siblings
– Childhood physical or sexual abuse in particular.

Life events and changes that may precipitate depressed mood include:
childbirth and menopause; financial difficulties and job problems; a medical diagnosis; bullying; loss of a loved one; natural disasters; social isolation; relationship troubles; jealousy; separation; catastrophic injury; and Social rejections, especially among adolescents.

A girl sits on a chair with her head on her knees

Certain medications are known to cause depressed mood in a significant number of patients. These include medications for hepatitis C (such as interferon), anxiety and sleep (such as benzodiazepines like alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam and diazepam), high blood pressure (such as beta-blockers, methyldopa, reserpine), and hormonal treatments (such as corticosteroids, contraceptives).

Several drugs of abuse can cause or exacerbate depression, whether in intoxication, withdrawal, and from chronic use.

These include:
– alcohol
– sedatives (including prescription benzodiazepines)
– opioids (including prescription pain killers and illicit drugs like heroin)
– stimulants (such as cocaine and amphetamines)
– hallucinogens
– inhalants.

While many often report self-medicating depression with these substances, improvements in depression from drugs are usually short-lived (with worsening of depression in the long-term, sometimes as soon as the drug effects wear off) and tend to be exaggerated (e.g., “many people report euphoria after the fact with alcohol intoxication, even though at the time of intoxication they were tearful and agitated”).

Depressed mood can be the result of a number of infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, neurological conditions and physiological problems, including hypoandrogenism (in men), Addison’s disease, Lyme disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, stroke, diabetes, and cancer.

A number of psychiatric syndromes feature depressed mood as a main symptom.
The mood disorders are a group of disorders considered to be primary disturbances of mood. These include major depressive disorder (MDD; commonly called major depression or clinical depression) where a person has at least two weeks of depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities; and dysthymia, a state of chronic depressed mood, the symptoms of which do not meet the severity of a major depressive episode. Another mood disorder, bipolar disorder, features one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood, cognition and energy levels, but may also involve one or more episodes of depression.
When the course of depressive episodes follows a seasonal pattern, the disorder (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, etc.) may be described as a seasonal affective disorder.

Outside the mood disorders: borderline personality disorder often features an extremely intense depressive mood; adjustment disorder with depressed mood is a mood disturbance appearing as a psychological response to an identifiable event or stressor, in which the resulting emotional or behavioral symptoms are significant but do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode; and posttraumatic stress disorder, an anxiety disorder that sometimes follows trauma, is commonly accompanied by depressed mood. Depression is sometimes associated with substance use disorder. Both legal and illegal drugs can cause substance use disorder.

Assessment

Questionnaires and checklists such as the Beck Depression Inventory or the Children’s Depression Inventory can be used by a mental health provider to detect and assess the severity of depression.

Disclaimers and References

DiSA is committed to promoting the rights, dignity, and inclusion of persons with disabilities as outlined in the White Paper on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. We strive to ensure that all content on our website reflects appropriate, respectful, and inclusive language in alignment with these principles.

However, we also provide a platform for companies and organisations to advertise their services and products. While we encourage advertisers to adhere to correct terminology and inclusive practices, DiSA cannot guarantee the accuracy or appropriateness of the language used by external parties in their content.

Please note: Any views, language, or terminology used in advertisements, promotional material, or external links do not necessarily represent the views of DiSA.

DiSA disclaims any responsibility for inaccuracies or language that may not align with the White Paper or best practices for disability terminology.

Should you however encounter language or content that you believe is inappropriate or offensive, we encourage you to contact us at info@disa.org.za, so that we can address the issue.

DiSA remains dedicated to fostering a respectful and inclusive environment for all individuals. We appreciate your understanding and collaboration in supporting our mission.


While we strive for accuracy and clarity, AI-generated visuals may not always reflect real-life conditions or representations.
In addition, we feature authentic images and videos of actual instances, events, circumstances that have occurred, as well as products and services supplied by companies who advertise with us.

These authentic visuals are intended to accurately depict our content or the offerings of our advertising partners.
If you have any questions or concerns about the content displayed on this site, please feel free to contact us.

DiSA provides a platform for companies and organisations to advertise their products and services to assist persons with disabilities and their families. While we make every effort to list reputable and credible service providers, the inclusion of any company, organisation, product, or service on our website does not constitute an endorsement or guarantee by DiSA.

Please note the following: DiSA is not involved in the delivery, quality control, or customer service of any product or service offered by advertisers listed on our platform.

Any agreements, purchases, or arrangements made between users of this website and advertisers are solely between those parties. DiSA is not responsible for the outcome of such interactions.

DiSA disclaims any liability for dissatisfaction, damages, or disputes arising from products or services supplied by companies or organisations listed on our website.

We encourage users to thoroughly research and verify any service provider or product before engaging with them. If you have concerns or encounter issues with an advertiser listed on our platform, please let us know at: info@disa.org.za. We value your feedback to help maintain the integrity of our platform.


While we strive for accuracy and clarity, AI-generated visuals may not always reflect real-life conditions or representations.
In addition, we feature authentic images and videos of actual instances, events, circumstances that have occurred, as well as products and services supplied by companies who advertise with us.

These authentic visuals are intended to accurately depict our content or the offerings of our advertising partners.
If you have any questions or concerns about the content displayed on this site, please feel free to contact us.

DiSA is committed to providing accurate and up-to-date information to assist persons with disabilities and their families. However, the nature of online content and external resources means that information can change frequently.

Please note the following: DiSA cannot guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of all information on our website, particularly information obtained from external sources or links to third-party websites.
External websites may update or remove content without notice, which can result in broken links or outdated information. DiSA is not responsible for the content, accessibility, or functionality of external websites.

While we make every effort to keep our information current, some content may become outdated over time.
We encourage users to verify information directly with the relevant third parties or organisations before making any decisions based on the information found on our platform.

If you encounter a broken link or outdated content, please notify us at: info@disa.org.za and we will address it as soon as possible.
Thank you for understanding and helping us maintain a reliable and accessible platform.


While we strive for accuracy and clarity, AI-generated visuals may not always reflect real-life conditions or representations.
In addition, we feature authentic images and videos of actual instances, events, circumstances that have occurred, as well as products and services supplied by companies who advertise with us.

These authentic visuals are intended to accurately depict our content or the offerings of our advertising partners.
If you have any questions or concerns about the content displayed on this site, please feel free to contact us.

The Information services and website that we offer free of charge, is privately run and funded and is not run or funded by the government. We rely on advertising, paid services and donations to supply and improve this Free information service that we do provide.

The Companies, Clubs, Schools and Organisations that are listed on this site, have advertised or made donations to the Website and have therefore assisted us be able to provide this free Service.
Please support them as they have supported Us and please contact us via info@disa.org.za, if you can advertise with us or would like to make a donation. Alternatively, visit our “Support Us” page to find out how you can support us or acquire our services. – Thank You.

If you encounter a broken link or outdated content, please notify us at: info@disa.org.za and we will address it as soon as possible.
Thank you for understanding and helping us maintain a reliable and accessible platform.

Please Note: We do assist with inquiries via email but may need to send or copy your details and inquiry to various other organisations, companies or government departments, that we sometimes consult, so that we can help you in the best way possible.
If you have any objection to us sharing your query or contact details, please notify us in your email. We will only share your information to assist you and will never sell or use your personal information for any other purposes.

DiSA waivers any liability for what happens if information is shared or used for marketing or other purposes by other organisations who do have consent to view such information.


While we strive for accuracy and clarity, AI-generated visuals may not always reflect real-life conditions or representations.
In addition, we feature authentic images and videos of actual instances, events, circumstances that have occurred, as well as products and services supplied by companies who advertise with us.

These authentic visuals are intended to accurately depict our content or the offerings of our advertising partners.
If you have any questions or concerns about the content displayed on this site, please feel free to contact us.

Please note that this website uses images and videos that are AI-generated and created to visually represent certain information, concepts or scenarios for illustrative purposes.


While we strive for accuracy and clarity, AI-generated visuals may not always reflect real-life conditions or representations.
In addition, we feature authentic images and videos of actual instances, events, circumstances that have occurred, as well as products and services supplied by companies who advertise with us.

These authentic visuals are intended to accurately depict our content or the offerings of our advertising partners.
If you have any questions or concerns about the content displayed on this site, please feel free to contact us.

Disability Info South Africa (DiSA) is committed to protecting your personal information in compliance with the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA), Act No. 4 of 2013. By using our free information service, you acknowledge and agree to the following:

Collection of Personal Information:
DiSA may collect and process your personal information (such as name, contact details, and inquiries) solely for the purpose of assisting you with your requests and providing relevant information or support.

Use and Storage:
Your personal information will only be used for the purpose it was collected for, we may need to send or copy your details and inquiry to various organisations, companies or government departments, that we sometimes consult, so that we can assist you in the best way possible.
If you have any objection to us sharing your query or contact details, please notify us in your email. We will only share your information to assist you and will never sell or use your personal information for any other purposes.
DiSA implements appropriate measures to secure your personal information against unauthorized access or loss.

Consent:
By submitting your details through our Contact Form, or contacting us via our email address, you consent to allow DiSA to process your information as outlined in this disclaimer. If you are not comfortable with DiSA sharing your information for the above purposes, please contact us directly at info@disa.org.za.

Access and Updates:
You have the right to request the deletion of your personal information at any time.
To do so, please contact us at: info@disa.org.za.

Third-Party Websites:
DiSA is not responsible for the privacy practices of external websites linked on our platform. Users are encouraged to review the privacy policies of third-party sites before sharing personal information.
For any queries or concerns regarding the handling of your personal information, please contact us at: info@disa.org.za.
Thank you for trusting DiSA to support you with accessible, inclusive, and reliable information.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression